Use NOT to narrow search results by eliminating specific words or phrases from the search results for example student AND performance NOT musical will eliminate articles about student musical performances. While an effective strategy to reduce results, it may also eliminate documents with high relevancy to your topic.īoolean images obtained from The Boolean Machine by Rockwell Shrock,, retrieved 19 December 2016. Relevance of the retrieved items may depend upon the proximity of the words in the record (next to or near each other and in context). The more terms added to the search, the narrower the results will be. Once you have your keywords, you can use Boolean Operators to create an effective search strategy. MEDLINE-based search strategies are robust but capture only 89 of the total available citations in PubMed. The PubMed database comprises both the MEDLINE and non-MEDLINE databases. You're instructing the resource to retrieve only those documents or records containing both words or phrases for example "online programs" AND "student success " or in the illustration below endangered AND birds. A gold-standard efficient and exhaustive search strategy is needed to ensure all relevant citations have been captured and that the search performed is reproducible. However, this increases the possibility of reducing relevancy if you haven't selected the best keywords or concepts relationships. Think of using OR in terms of synonyms or related terms for example "challenges" OR "barriers" OR "weaknesses" or in the illustration below endangered OR birds. This expands the search to include all records containing either concept. AND searches find all of the search terms. There are three basic Boolean search commands: AND, OR and NOT. The search strategy combines the key concepts of your search question in order to retrieve accurate results. Using the Boolean terms: AND, OR, NOT, the searcher is able to define relationships among concepts. To search more efficiently, combine terms in a logical way using Boolean and/or proximity operators, truncation and parentheses. A search strategy is an organized structure of key terms used to search a database. Boolean searching allows the user to combine or limit words and phrases in an online search in order to retrieve relevant results. By combining terms (using Boolean logic), truncating a term, and using the limits option we were able to narrow our search down from 16,023 articles to a more manageable and relevant 54 articles.
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